FY 1943 (AP 130-138), 1944. In 1941 the naval architect George Sharp developed plans for a large cargo ship for the American Hawaiian Lines and at the same time prepared plans for its conversion to a troop ship so that it would be possible to proceed with the construction of either type without delay. The changes for conversion to a troopship were kept to a minimum in the expectation that the ships would be turned over to the American Hawaiian Lines for use as cargo ships after the war. In late October 1941 the Maritime Commission took over Sharp's design and subsequently developed from it a number of C4 designs, both for cargo carriers and troop ships. Two shipyards were constructed to build C4's, including the five-basin Richmond No. 3 yard of Kaiser Co., Inc., at Richmond, California. Between January and March 1942 the Richmond yard received contracts for 30 C4-S-A1 transports as part of an Army program for fifty transports (the future AP 110-159).
The fifty ships were designed to be manned by civilian crews, either by the War Shipping Administration or by the Army. The Navy's first contact with the program came on 27 May 42 when it participated in a conference that decided on the armament for the ships. Subsequently the Navy agreed to provide landing boat (Welin) davits for the ships in order to facilitate "possible and probable future conversions to combat loaded transports," although while convoy loaded they would carry merchant-type lifeboats. The Army had trouble obtaining manpower for crews, and during April 1943 the Army and Navy agreed that the Navy would man and operate all fifty transports on schedules set by the Army. A conference between the Navy and the Maritime Commission was held on 8 May 43 to discuss the conversion features required for Navy manning, most of which related to berthing, messing, and sanitary facilities. The Maritime Commission objected to some of the changes, which it argued could delay completion of the ships by four or five months, and it was soon decided that the first five ships at Richmond would not be converted by their builder but would be delivered to the Navy incomplete and moved to repair yards for conversion. The Auxiliary Vessels Board recommended acquisition of the fifty transports on 24 May 43.
Construction of the Richmond C4s encountered numerous delays including delays in the construction of the yard itself, design changes for navy manning, and deficiencies in the labor and supervisory forces at the yard. As a result the Navy ended up accepting 15 of the ships before conversion instead of the planned five. Of these, it moved ten to other yards for conversion and contracted with Richmond for the conversion of the other five. (These five were converted between the dates shown for their acquisition and commissioning: for example, AP-139 was converted between 28 Jul 44 and 15 Aug 44.) In addition, the Maritime Commission decided in December 1944 to have two hulls, AP 142 and 143, transferred to the Kaiser, Vancouver, yard at Portland, Ore., for completion following their launchings at Richmond.
Postwar plans called for the Navy to retain none of these ships and for the Army to take most of them. 26 ships were transferred from the Navy to the Army between March and June 1946 but the Army relinquished one of them (AP-133) almost immediately. On 7 May 46 the MC transferred title of 89 ships (including all 25 C4's) to the Army. In return the Army promised to give up title to five C3 type vessels, including the four ships of the DAVID C. SHANKS class (the future AP 180-183). However, because these ships had undergone very extensive conversions and were needed for returning troops and "war brides," the Army asked that their return be delayed as long as possible. On 21 Mar 47 the Army told the Maritime Commission that, upon examining its requirements, it had found that the SHANKS class was more readily adaptable to its particular needs than were the other vessels then available to the Army and that it intended to retain title to these vessels and instead declare as surplus to the MC such C4 type vessels as might be found necessary to comply with budgetary limitations. Only two of the C4's were disposed of in this manner. On 8 Dec 49 the Army, with the concurrence of the Military Sea Transportation Service which otherwise would have received them in 1950, declared AP-152 and AP-154 surplus to its requirements and transferred title to them to the Maritime Commission. They were delivered to MC reserve fleets in December 1949 and February 1950 respectively.
The Army gave its 25 C4's quick initial conversions, primarily to fit them for operation by civilian instead of Navy crews, and put them in service in mid-1946. It followed up in 1947 and 1948 with a second round of conversions, primarily to upgrade the safety-at-sea features of the ships to comply with Coast Guard requirements. This included the removal of the ships' wartime Welin boat davits and the rearrangement and increase in number of the ships' lifeboats. During or in some cases before these conversions the ships also received enhancements to their cargo handling capabilities, in the form of either a light but tall goalpost mast aft of the bridge or a single heavy kingpost amidships. In the ships that received the kingpost, two nearby galley stacks were extended up the sides of the kingposts. On 15 Dec 47 bids were opened at San Francisco for safety-at-sea work on five C-4 type vessels which had been operating from that port. Two were awarded to Todd SYs, San Pedro, one to Pacific Ship Repair Co., San Francisco, and two to Todd SYs, Seattle. Records for most of the other Army safety-at-sea conversions have not been located. At least six ships (AP 137, 140, 151, 154, 158 and 159) still had their Welin davits when delivered to the Navy in 1950, and at least three of these (AP 137, 154, and 158) later received the revised lifeboat arrangement.
The 23 remaining C4's returned to the Navy on 1 Mar 50 when they and the other large ships of the Army Transportation Service became civilian-manned units of the newly-created Military Sea Transportation Service (MSTS). On 18 Jul 50 CNO authorized MSTS to acquire and activate the recently deactivated AP-154 (along with AP-110, 119, and 188-195). As was the case with the Army in the late 1940s, the C4's (which lacked amenities and were not equipped to carry dependents) were the first of the large transports to be retired by MSTS after the Korean War subsided. By 1959 only two (AP 153-154) remained in active Navy service. In 1961 the Air Force acquired two of the ships for use as missile range instrumentation ships, which in 1964 became the Navy's
. The advent of the container ship created a demand in the merchant marine for large freighter hulls suitable for conversion, and when the Maritime Administration offered its remaining C4's for sale in the late 1960s they easily found commercial buyers.
AP |
Name |
MC# |
Notes |
130 |
GENERAL G. O. SQUIER |
653 |
In service 31 Aug 43 for ferrying to conversion yard, Poole, McGonigle & Jennings, Portland, Ore., convered 4 Sep 43 to 16 Oct 43. Repaired while inactive under the Emergency Ship Repair Program 18 Nov 54 to 30 Mar 55. To buyer 9 Apr 64. Merc. PENNMAR 1964, PENN 1976, PENNY 1978, scrapped 1984. |
131 |
GENERAL T. H. BLISS |
654 |
Converted by USNDD, Hunters Point, San Francisco, 3 Nov 43 to 17 Feb 44. To buyer 8 Apr 64. Merc. SEAMAR 1964, CARONI 1975, scrapped 1979. |
132 |
GENERAL J. R. BROOKE |
655 |
Converted by Matson Navigation, San Francisco, 10 Dec 43 to 22 Jan 44. Repaired while inactive 8 Mar 55 to 25 May 55. To buyer 8 Apr 64. Merc. MARYMAR 1964, MARLIN, then MARY 1976, scrapped 1979. |
133 |
GENERAL O. H. ERNST |
656 |
Ferry comm. 22 Apr to 13 May 44 (transit 4-6 May), converted by Commercial IW, Portland, Ore. 15 May to 15 Jul 44. Decomm, to MC, and to Army 15 Aug 46 but not retained by Army, to MC 24 Oct 46. Repaired while inactive 12 Jul 55 to 16 Sep 55. To buyer 8 Apr 64. Merc. CALMAR 1946, ORINOCO 1974, scrapped 1980. |
134 |
GENERAL R. L. HOWZE |
657 |
Converted by Matson Navigation, San Francisco completed 10 Feb 44. Decomm, to MC, and to Army 1 Apr 46, stk. 1 May 46. Initial Army peacetime conversion by Bethlehem Steel, Hoboken, ca. April-July 1946. In NDRF 6 Aug 47 - 6 Jul 48, second conversion completed ca. Nov 48. From Army to MSTS 1 Mar 50, reinst. 28 Apr 50. Inactivated by MSTS at Everett, Wash., ca. 1957-58. To buyer 16 Apr 68. Merc. GUAM BEAR (partial container ship) 1968, NEW ZEALAND BEAR, then AUSTRAL GLEN 1975, PACIFIC ENDEAVOR 1979, scrapped 1981. |
135 |
GENERAL W. M. BLACK |
658 |
Converted by Matson Navigation, San Francisco, 27 Jan to 26 Feb 44. Decomm, to MC, and to Army 28 Feb 46, stk. 12 Mar 46. Initial Army peacetime conversion by Atlantic Basin IW, Brooklyn, 19 Mar 46 to 27 May 46. From Army to MSTS 1 Mar 50, reinst. 28 Apr 50. To buyer 26 Apr 67. Merc. GREEN FOREST 1967, scrapped 1980. |
136 |
GENERAL H. L. SCOTT |
659 |
Converted by Matson Navigation, San Francisco, 6 Mar to 6 Apr 44. Repaired while inactive 22 Jun 55 to 31 Aug 55. To buyer 4 Aug 64. Merc YORKMAR 1964. Scrapped 1974. |
137 |
GENERAL S. D. STURGIS |
660 |
Ferry comm. 24 Apr 44 to 25 May 44, converted by Kaiser, Vancouver. Decomm, to MC, and to Army 24 May 46, stk. 19 Jun 46. Initial Army peacetime conversion by Atlantic Basin IW, Brooklyn, ca. May-August 1946. From Army to MSTS 1 Mar 50, reinst. 28 Apr 50. Inactivated (Ready Reserve) by MSTS at Orange, Texas, 27 Sep 57. To buyer 31 Jul 67. Merc. GREEN PORT, scrapped 1980. |
138 |
GENERAL C. G. MORTON |
661 |
Decomm, to MC, and to Army 15 May 46, stk. 5 Jun 46. Initial Army peacetime conversion by Kaiser, Richmond, ca. May-August 1946. From Army to MSTS 1 Mar 50, reinst. 28 Apr 50. To buyer 14 Apr 67. Merc. GREEN WAVE 1967, scrapped 1980. |
139 |
GENERAL R. E. CALLAN |
662 |
Decomm, to MC, and to Army 24 May 46, stk. 19 Jun 46. Initial Army peacetime conversion by Bethlehem Steel, Boston, 27 May 46 to 25 Jul 46. Safety at sea conversion 6 Sep to 4 Dec 47. From Army to MSTS 1 Mar 50, reinst. 28 Apr 50. From MA to USAF 6 Jul 61 as missile range instrumentation ship GENERAL H. H. ARNOLD, to MSTS 1 Jul 64 as T-AGM-9. To MA custody 25 Mar 1982. To buyer 25 Oct 1982. For more on her postwar career as a missile range instrumentation ship including photographs see the GENERAL H. H. ARNOLD (AGM-9) class in the postwar Supplement. |
140 |
GENERAL M. B. STEWART |
663 |
Completed 28 Feb 45. Decomm, to MC, and to Army 24 May 46, stk. 19 Jun 46. Initial Army peacetime conversion by Bethlehem Steel, Staten Is., begun ca. May 1946. From Army to MSTS 1 Mar 50, reinst. 28 Apr 50. To NDRF 21 Jun 57 in ready reserve status. To buyer 2 Aug 67. Merc. ALBANY 1967. Converted to undocumented drilling ship MISSION VIKING 1974-76. |
141 |
GENERAL A. W. GREELY |
664 |
Decomm, to MC, and to Army 29 Mar 46, stk. 17 Apr 46. Initial Army peacetime conversion by Kaiser, Richmond, ca. May-July 1946. From Army to MSTS 1 Mar 50, reinst. 28 Apr 50. Inactivated ca. Mar 55, in USN reserve 1955-59. To buyer 16 May 68. Merc. HAWAII BEAR (partial container ship) 1968, AUSTRAL GLADE 1976, PACIFIC ENTERPRISE 1979, CARIBE ENTERPRISE 1983, scrapped ca. 1986. |
142 |
GENERAL C. H. MUIR |
665 |
Transferred by builder to Kaiser, Vancouver, when 34% complete, arrived 20 Dec 44. Decomm, to MC, and to Army 18 Jun 46, stk. 3 Jul 46. Initial Army peacetime conversion by Bethlehem Key Highway, Baltimore, ca. June-July 1946. From Army to MSTS 1 Mar 50, reinst. 28 Apr 50. Inactivated ca. Feb 55, in USN reserve 1955-60. To NDRF 14 Apr 60. To buyer 16 Sep 68. Merc. CHICAGO (container ship, 685 feet oa) 1968, SAN JUAN 1975, scrapped 1988. |
143 |
GENERAL H. B. FREEMAN |
666 |
Transferred by builder to Kaiser, Vancouver, when 35% complete, arrived 10 Jan 45. Decomm, to MC, and to Army 4 Mar 46, stk. 20 Mar 46. Initial Army peacetime conversion by Todd Pacific SYs, Seattle, ca. May-July 1946. From Army to MSTS 1 Mar 50, reinst. 28 Apr 50. Inactivated by MSTS at Everett, Wash., ca. 1957-58. To buyer 6 Nov 67. Merc. NEWARK (container ship) 1968, scrapped 1986. |
144 |
GENERAL H. F. HODGES |
667 |
Decomm, to MC, and to Army 13 May 46 stk. 19 Jun 46. Initial Army peacetime conversion by Kaiser ca. May-July 1946. From Army to MSTS 1 Mar 50, reinst. 28 Apr 50. To buyer 3 Aug 67. Merc. JAMES 1967, scrapped 1979. |
145 |
GENERAL HARRY TAYLOR |
702 |
Ex GENERAL W. F. HASE 2 Oct 43. Ferry comm. 1-10 Apr 44, converted by Kaiser, Vancouver. Decomm, to MC, and to Army 13 Jun 46, stk. 3 Jul 46. Initial Army peacetime conversion ca. mid-1946. From Army to MSTS 1 Mar 50, reinst. 28 Apr 50. Inactivated (Ready Reserve) by MSTS at Orange, Texas, 19 Sep 57. From MA to USAF 15 Jul 61 as missile range instrumentation ship GENERAL HOYT S. VANDENBERG, to MSTS 1 Jul 64 as T-AGM-10. To MA custody (MA/C) 8 Feb 1983, title to MA (MA/T) 4 Feb 1994. Approved for transfer from MA to the state of Florida 13 Feb 2007 for reefing, departed NDRF 30 March 2007, sunk as artificial reef in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 27 May 2009. For more on her postwar career as a missile range instrumentation ship including photographs see the GENERAL H. H. ARNOLD (AGM-9) class in the postwar Supplement. |
146 |
GENERAL W. F. HASE |
703 |
Ex GENERAL HARRY TAYLOR 2 Oct 43. Ferry comm. 22 Apr to 12 May 44, converted by Kaiser, Vancouver. Decomm, to MC, and to Army 6 Jun 46, stk. 19 Jun 46. Initial Army peacetime conversion by Kaiser, Richmond, begun June 1946. From Army to MSTS 1 Mar 50, reinst. 28 Apr 50. Inactivated 22 Jun 54, in USN reserve 1954-60. To buyer 30 Jul 68. Merc. TRANSIDAHO (container ship, 633 feet oa) 1969, CAROLINA 1975, POINT MANATEE 1981, scrapped 1984. |
147 |
GENERAL E. T. COLLINS |
704 |
Completed by builder. Decomm, to MC, and to Army 17 Jun 46, stk. 3 Jul 46. Initial Army peacetime conversion by Kaiser ca. June-August 1946. From Army to MSTS 1 Mar 50, reinst. 28 Apr 50. Inactivated 8 Feb 55, in USN reserve 1955-60. To NDRF 21 Mar 60. To buyer 11 Sep 68. Merc. NEW ORLEANS (container ship) 1968, GUAYAMA 1975, EASTERN KIN 1981, foundered 9 Jan 82. |
148 |
GENERAL M. L. HERSEY |
705 |
Decomm, to MC, and to Army 6 Jun 46, stk. 8 Oct 46. Initial Army peacetime conversion by Bethlehem Steel, Staten Is., begun ca. June 1946. In NDRF 30 Jul 47 to 1 Jul 48, second conversion completed ca. Nov 48. From Army to MSTS 1 Mar 50, reinst. 28 Apr 50. Inactivated 11 Jun 54, in USN reserve 1954-59. To buyer 16 Aug 68. Merc. PITTSBURGH 1968, ST. LOUIS (container ship, 685 feet oa) 1969, scrapped 1988. |
149 |
GENERAL J. H. McRAE |
706 |
Decomm, to MC, and to Army 27 Feb 46, stk. 12 Mar 46. Initial Army peacetime conversion by Atlantic Basion IW, Brooklyn, 19 Mar 46 to 27 May 46. In NDRF 30 Jun 47 to 7 May 48, second conversion completed ca. Dec 48. From Army to MSTS 1 Mar 50, reinst. 28 Apr 50. Inactivated 29 Oct 54, in USN reserve 1954-60. To NDRF 24 Feb 60. To buyer 25 Jul 68. Merc. TRANSHAWAII (container ship, 633 feet oa) 1969, AGUADILLA 1975, AMCO VOYAGER 1982, VOYAGER 1985, scrapped 1986. |
150 |
GENERAL M. M. PATRICK |
707 |
Decomm, to MC, and to Army 8 Mar 46, stk. 20 Mar 46. Initial Army peacetime conversion by Kaiser, Richmond, ca. May-July 1946. From Army to MSTS 1 Mar 50, reinst. 28 Apr 50. To buyer 6 Nov 67. Merc. BOSTON (container ship) 1968, scrapped 1988. |
151 |
GENERAL W. C. LANGFITT |
708 |
Decomm, to MC, and to Army 6 Jun 46, stk. 15 Aug 46. Initial Army peacetime conversion by Bethlehem Steel, Hoboken, ca. June-August 1946. From Army to MSTS 1 Mar 50, reinst. 28 Apr 50. To NDRF (Hudson R.) 30 Sep 57 in ready reserve status. To buyer 16 May 68. Merc. TRANSINDIANA (container ship, 633 feet oa) 1969, scrapped 1983. |
152 |
GENERAL OMAR BUNDY |
709 |
Completed 31 Dec 44. Decomm, to MC, and to Army 14 Jun 46. Initial Army peacetime conversion by Bethlehem Steel, Hoboken, ca. June-July 1946. Declared surplus by Army 8 Dec 49, to MC/NDRF 12 Dec 49. Acquisition by MSTS briefly planned Feb 51. To buyer 10 Apr 64. Merc. PORTMAR 1964, PORT 1976, POET 1979. Disappeared at sea October 1980. |
153 |
GENERAL R. M. BLATCHFORD |
710 |
Decomm, to MC, and to Army 12 Jun 46, stk. 3 Jul 46. Initial Army peacetime conversion by Bethlehem Key Highway, Baltimore, ca. June-August 1946. From Army to MSTS 1 Mar 50, reinst. 28 Apr 50. To NDRF 3 Jul 68. To buyer 25 Mar 69. Merc. STONEWALL JACKSON (partial container ship) 1969, ALEX STEPHENS 1973, scrapped 1980. |
154 |
GENERAL LeROY ELTINGE |
711 |
Decomm, to MC, and to Army 29 May 46, stk. 19 Jun 46. Initial Army peacetime conversion by Arthur Tickle Engineering Works, Brooklyn, ca. May-July 1946. Declared surplus by Army 8 Dec 49, to MC/NDRF 17 Feb 50. From MA to MSTS 20 Jul 50, reinst. ca. 1 Aug 50. To NDRF 2 Jul 68. Merc. ROBERT E. LEE (partial container ship) 1969, ROBERT TOOMBS 1973, scrapped 1980. |
155 |
GENERAL A. W. BREWSTER |
712 |
Decomm, to MC, and to Army 10 Apr 46, stk. 1 May 46. Initial Army peacetime conversion by Kaiser, Richmond, ca. May-June 1946. From Army to MSTS 1 Mar 50, reinst. 28 Apr 50. To buyer 10 Sep 68. Merc. PHILADELPHIA (container ship) 1968, scrapped 1988. |
156 |
GENERAL D. E. AULTMAN |
713 |
Decomm, to MC, and to Army 15 Mar 46, stk. 28 Mar 46. Initial Army peacetime conversion by Kaiser, Richmond, 29 Apr 46 to 26 Jun 46. From Army to MSTS 1 Mar 50, reinst. 28 Apr 50. To buyer 6 Nov 67. Merc. PORTLAND (container ship) 1968, scrapped 1986. |
157 |
GENERAL C. C. BALLOU |
714 |
Decomm, to MC, and to Army 17 May 46, stk. 5 Jun 46. Initial Army peacetime conversion by Bethlehem Steel, Hoboken, ca. May-August 1946. From Army to MSTS 1 Mar 50, reinst. 28 Apr 50. Inactivated 14 Aug 54, in USN reserve 1954-59. To buyer 20 Apr 68. Merc. BROOKLYN (container ship) 1968, HUMACAO 1975, EASTERN LIGHT 1981, scrapped 1982. |
158 |
GENERAL W. G. HAAN |
715 |
Completed 31 Jul 45. Decomm, to MC, and to Army 7 Jun 46, stk. 19 Jun 46. Initial Army peacetime conversion by Bethlehem Steel, Baltimore, begun ca. June 1946. From Army to MSTS 1 Mar 50, reinst. 28 Apr 50. Inactivated (Ready Reserve) by MSTS at Orange, Texas, 1957. To buyer 8 Aug 68. Merc. TRANSOREGON (container ship, 633 feet oa) 1969, MAYAGUEZ 1975, AMCO TRADER 1982, TRADER 1985, scrapped 1986. |
159 |
GENERAL STUART HEINTZELMAN |
716 |
Decomm, to MC, and to Army 12 Jun 46, stk. 3 Jul 46. Initial Army peacetime conversion by Bethelehem Steel, Hoboken, ca. June-September 1946. From Army to MSTS 1 Mar 50, reinst. 28 Apr 50. Inactivated 24 Jun 54, in USN reserve 1954-60. To NDRF 7 Mar 60. To buyer 18 Apr 68. Merc. MOBILE (container ship) 1968, scrapped 1984. |